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    CVE-2022-21685

    Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit number `8a93fdc6c9f4eb1d2f2a11b7ff1d12d70bf5a664`, a bug in Frontier's MODEXP precompile implementation can cause an integer underflow in certain conditions. This will cause a node crash for debug builds. For release builds (and production WebAssembly binaries), the impact is limited as it can only cause a normal EVM out-of-gas. Users who do not use MODEXP precompile in their runtime are not impacted. A patch is available in pull request #549.

    Published:Jan 14, 2022
    Last Modified:Apr 23, 2025
    EPS:Jan 14, 2022
    EPSS Score:0.00442
    CVSS Score:6.5

    Affected Products

    Vendor
    Parity
    Product
    Frontier

    Exploits

    No exploit reference

    Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

    No CAPEC recorded yet

    Related CVEs

    CVE-2023-45130 (CVSS 7.5) — Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit aea528198b3b226e0d20cce878551fd4c0e3d5d0…
    CVE-2023-28431 (CVSS 7.5) — Frontier is an Ethereum compatibility layer for Substrate. Frontier's `modexp` precompile uses `num-bigint` cr…
    CVE-2022-39242 (CVSS 5.3) — Frontier is an Ethereum compatibility layer for Substrate. Prior to commit d3beddc6911a559a3ecc9b3f08e153dbe37…
    CVE-2022-36008 (CVSS 7.1) — Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. A security issue was discovered affecting parsing of the…
    CVE-2022-31111 (CVSS 5.3) — Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. In affected versions the truncation done when converting…
    CVE-2021-41138 (CVSS 5.3) — Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. In the newly introduced signed Frontier-specific extrins…
    CVE-2021-39193 (CVSS 5.3) — Frontier is Substrate's Ethereum compatibility layer. Prior to commit number 0b962f218f0cdd796dadfe26c3f09e68f…

    Common Vulnerability Scoring System

    Attack Vector
    Network
    Adjacent
    Local
    Physical
    Privileges Required
    None
    Low
    High
    User Interaction
    None
    Required
    Scope
    Unchanged
    Changed
    Confidentiality
    None
    Low
    High
    Integrity
    None
    Low
    High
    Availability
    None
    Low
    High