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    CVE-2023-45303

    ThingsBoard before 3.5 allows Server-Side Template Injection if users are allowed to modify an email template, because Apache FreeMarker supports freemarker.template.utility.Execute (for content sent to the /api/admin/settings endpoint).

    Published:Oct 6, 2023
    Last Modified:Nov 21, 2024
    EPS:Oct 6, 2023
    EPSS Score:0.00438
    CVSS Score:8.4

    Affected Products

    Vendor
    Thingsboard
    Product
    Thingsboard

    Exploits

    https://freemarker.apache.org/docs/api/freemarker/template/utility/Execute.htmlhttps://herolab.usd.de/security-advisories/usd-2023-0010/https://freemarker.apache.org/docs/api/freemarker/template/utility/Execute.htmlhttps://herolab.usd.de/security-advisories/usd-2023-0010/

    Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

    CAPEC-10 Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    CAPEC-101 Server Side Include (SSI) Injection
    CAPEC-105 HTTP Request Splitting
    CAPEC-108 Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
    CAPEC-120 Double Encoding
    CAPEC-13 Subverting Environment Variable Values
    CAPEC-135 Format String Injection
    CAPEC-14 Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
    CAPEC-24 Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
    CAPEC-250 XML Injection
    CAPEC-267 Leverage Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-273 HTTP Response Smuggling
    CAPEC-28 Fuzzing
    CAPEC-3 Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters
    CAPEC-34 HTTP Response Splitting
    CAPEC-42 MIME Conversion
    CAPEC-43 Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
    CAPEC-45 Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
    CAPEC-46 Overflow Variables and Tags
    CAPEC-47 Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
    CAPEC-51 Poison Web Service Registry
    CAPEC-52 Embedding NULL Bytes
    CAPEC-53 Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash
    CAPEC-6 Argument Injection
    CAPEC-64 Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-67 String Format Overflow in syslog()
    CAPEC-7 Blind SQL Injection
    CAPEC-71 Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-72 URL Encoding
    CAPEC-76 Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
    CAPEC-78 Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-79 Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-8 Buffer Overflow in an API Call
    CAPEC-80 Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-83 XPath Injection
    CAPEC-84 XQuery Injection
    CAPEC-9 Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities

    Related CVEs

    CVE-2025-70340 (CVSS 6.5) — A Broken Access Control vulnerability exists in ThingsBoard Professional Edition (PE) 4.21 and below, within t…
    CVE-2026-53676 (CVSS 8.6) — ThingsBoard contains a prototype pollution vulnerability which may lead to arbitrary code execution within a s…
    CVE-2026-36537 (CVSS 9.8) — ThingsBoard v4.3.0.1 is vulnerable to an authentication bypass during the OAuth authorization code exchange. T…
    CVE-2026-9568 (CVSS 2.3) — A weakness has been identified in ThingsBoard up to 4.3.1.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function ge…
    CVE-2025-3261 — This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority.…
    CVE-2025-34282 (CVSS 6.9) — ThingsBoard versions < 4.2.1 contain a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in the dashboard's Ima…
    CVE-2025-34281 (CVSS 6.2) — ThingsBoard in versions prior to v4.2.1 allows an authenticated user to upload malicious SVG images via the "I…
    CVE-2025-9094 (CVSS 2.1) — A vulnerability was detected in ThingsBoard 4.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Add …
    CVE-2024-55466 (CVSS 6.5) — An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Image Gallery of ThingsBoard Community, ThingsBoard Cloud and Th…
    CVE-2024-9358 (CVSS 6) — A vulnerability has been found in ThingsBoard up to 3.7.0 and classified as problematic. Affected by this vuln…

    Common Vulnerability Scoring System

    Attack Vector
    Network
    Adjacent
    Local
    Physical
    Privileges Required
    None
    Low
    High
    User Interaction
    None
    Required
    Scope
    Unchanged
    Changed
    Confidentiality
    None
    Low
    High
    Integrity
    None
    Low
    High
    Availability
    None
    Low
    High