CVE-2025-37147
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026A Secure Boot Bypass Vulnerability exists in affected Access Points that allows an adversary to bypass the hardware root of trust verification in place to ensure only vendor-signed firmware can execute on the device. An adversary can exploit this vulnerability to run modified or custom firmware on affected Access Points.
CVE-2025-37146
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of network access point configuration services could allow an authenticated remote attacker to perform remote command execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system.
CVE-2025-36730
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026A prompt injection vulnerability exists in Windsurft version 1.10.7 in Write mode using SWE-1 model. It is possible to create a file name that will be appended to the user prompt causing Windsurf to follow its instructions.
CVE-2025-37149
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026A potential out-of-bound reads vulnerability in HPE ProLiant RL300 Gen11 Server's UEFI firmware.
CVE-2025-11577
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026Clevo’s UEFI firmware update packages, including B10717.exe, inadvertently contained private signing keys used for Boot Guard and Boot Policy Manifest verification. The exposure of these keys could allow attackers to sign malicious firmware that appears trusted by affected systems, undermining the integrity of the early boot process.
CVE-2025-8429
Last Modified: 22 Oct 2025Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (ACL Action access configuration modules) allows Stored XSS by users with elevated privileges. This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.13, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.18, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.28.
CVE-2025-54893
Last Modified: 22 Oct 2025Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (Hosts templates configuration modules) allows Stored XSS by users with elevated privileges. This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.13, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.18, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.28.
CVE-2025-31514
Last Modified: 9 Jun 2026A insertion of sensitive information into log file vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4 all versions, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.13, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions may allow attacker to information disclosure via <insert attack vector here>
CVE-2025-46774
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026An Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability [CWE-347] in FortiClient MacOS installer version 7.4.2 and below, version 7.2.9 and below, 7.0 all versions may allow a local user to escalate their privileges via FortiClient related executables.
CVE-2025-54822
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026An improper authorization vulnerability [CWE-285] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.1, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.11, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions allows an authenticated attacker to access static files of others VDOMs via crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests.
CVE-2025-62366
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026mailgen is a Node.js package that generates responsive HTML e-mails for sending transactional mail. Mailgen versions through 2.0.30 contain an HTML injection vulnerability in plaintext emails produced by the generatePlaintext method when user‑generated content is supplied. The function attempts to remove HTML tags, but if tags are provided as encoded HTML entities they are not removed and are later decoded, resulting in active HTML (for example an img tag with an event handler) in the supposed plaintext output. In contexts where the generated plaintext string is subsequently rendered as HTML, this can allow execution of attacker‑controlled JavaScript. Versions 2.0.31 and later contain a fix. No known workarounds exist.
CVE-2025-31365
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026An Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability [CWE-94] in FortiClientMac 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.1 through 7.2.8 may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on the victim's host via tricking the user into visiting a malicious website.
CVE-2025-53845
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026An improper authentication vulnerability [CWE-287] in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer version 7.6.0 through 7.6.3 and before 7.4.6 allows an unauthenticated attacker to obtain information pertaining to the device's health and status, or cause a denial of service via crafted OFTP requests.
CVE-2025-59921
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor vulnerability [CWE-200] in Fortinet FortiADC version 7.4.0, version 7.2.3 and below, version 7.1.4 and below, 7.0 all versions, 6.2 all versions may allow an authenticated attacker to obtain sensitive data via crafted HTTP or HTTPs requests.
CVE-2024-33507
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026An insufficient session expiration vulnerability [CWE-613] and an incorrect authorization vulnerability [CWE-863] in FortiIsolator 2.4.0 through 2.4.4, 2.3 all versions, 2.2.0, 2.1 all versions, 2.0 all versions authentication mechanism may allow remote unauthenticated attacker to deauthenticate logged in admins via crafted cookie and remote authenticated read-only attacker to gain write privilege via crafted cookie.
CVE-2025-57716
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026An Uncontrolled Search Path Element vulnerability [CWE-427] in FortiClient Windows 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, 7.0 all versions may allow a local low privileged user to perform a DLL hijacking attack via placing a malicious DLL to the FortiClient Online Installer installation folder.
CVE-2025-25255
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026An Improperly Implemented Security Check for Standard vulnerability [CWE-358] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.11, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0.1 through 7.0.22 may allow an unauthenticated proxy user to bypass the domain fronting protection feature via crafted HTTP requests.
CVE-2025-25252
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026An Insufficient Session Expiration vulnerability [CWE-613] in FortiOS SSL VPN 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, 7.0.0 through 7.0.16, 6.4 all versions may allow a remote attacker (e.g. a former admin whose account was removed and whose session was terminated) in possession of the SAML record of a user session to access or re-open that session via re-use of SAML record.
CVE-2024-26008
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026An improper check or handling of exceptional conditions vulnerability [CWE-703] in FortiOS version 7.4.0 through 7.4.3 and before 7.2.7, FortiProxy version 7.4.0 through 7.4.3 and before 7.2.9, FortiPAM before 1.2.0 and FortiSwitchManager version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3 and version 7.0.0 through 7.0.3 fgfm daemon may allow an unauthenticated attacker to repeatedly reset the fgfm connection via crafted SSL encrypted TCP requests.
CVE-2024-47569
Last Modified: 10 Feb 2026A insertion of sensitive information into sent data vulnerability in Fortinet FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiMail 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiMail 7.0 all versions, FortiManager 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiManager 7.4.1 through 7.4.3, FortiManager Cloud 7.4.1 through 7.4.3, FortiNDR 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiNDR 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiNDR 7.2 all versions, FortiNDR 7.1 all versions, FortiNDR 7.0 all versions, FortiNDR 1.5 all versions, FortiOS 7.6.0, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.8, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.15, FortiOS 6.4.0 through 6.4.15, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiOS 6.0 all versions, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions, FortiProxy 1.2 all versions, FortiProxy 1.1 all versions, FortiProxy 1.0 all versions, FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.1, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiTester 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiTester 7.3 all versions, FortiTester 7.2 all versions, FortiTester 7.1 all versions, FortiTester 7.0 all versions, FortiTester 4.2 all versions, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.4, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.9, FortiVoice 6.0.7 through 6.0.12, FortiWeb 7.6.0, FortiWeb 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiWeb 7.2 all versions, FortiWeb 7.0 all versions, FortiWeb 6.4 all versions allows attacker to disclose sensitive information via specially crafted packets.
CVE-2025-54973
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026A concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('Race Condition') vulnerability [CWE-362] in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer version 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, 7.2.0 through 7.2.10 and before 7.0.13 allows an attacker to attempt to win a race condition to bypass the FortiCloud SSO authorization via crafted FortiCloud SSO requests.
CVE-2023-46718
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026A stack-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.4.0 through 7.4.1 and 7.2.0 through 7.2.7 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.12 and 6.4.6 through 6.4.15 and 6.2.9 through 6.2.16 and 6.0.13 through 6.0.18 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted CLI commands.
CVE-2024-50571
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiAnalyzer 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiAnalyzer 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, FortiAnalyzer 7.2.0 through 7.2.9, FortiAnalyzer 7.0.0 through 7.0.13, FortiAnalyzer 6.4 all versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.2 all versions, FortiAnalyzer 6.0 all versions, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 7.4.1 through 7.4.5, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 7.2.1 through 7.2.9, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 7.0.1 through 7.0.13, FortiAnalyzer Cloud 6.4 all versions, FortiManager 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiManager 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, FortiManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.9, FortiManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.13, FortiManager 6.4 all versions, FortiManager 6.2 all versions, FortiManager 6.0 all versions, FortiManager Cloud 7.6.2, FortiManager Cloud 7.4.1 through 7.4.5, FortiManager Cloud 7.2.1 through 7.2.9, FortiManager Cloud 7.0.1 through 7.0.13, FortiManager Cloud 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.16, FortiOS 6.4.0 through 6.4.15, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, FortiProxy 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.12, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.19, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions, FortiProxy 1.2 all versions, FortiProxy 1.1 all versions, FortiProxy 1.0 all versions allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted requests.
CVE-2025-31366
Last Modified: 8 Jul 2026An Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation vulnerability [CWE-79] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform a reflected cross site scripting (XSS) via crafted HTTP requests.
CVE-2025-22258
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026A heap-based buffer overflow in Fortinet FortiSRA 1.5.0, 1.4.0 through 1.4.2, FortiPAM 1.5.0, 1.4.0 through 1.4.2, 1.3.0 through 1.3.1, 1.2.0, 1.1.0 through 1.1.2, 1.0.0 through 1.0.3, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, 7.4.0 through 7.4.6, 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, 7.0.2 through 7.0.16, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.1 through 7.2.5 allows attackers to escalate their privilege via specially crafted http requests.
CVE-2025-25253
Last Modified: 9 Jun 2026An Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch vulnerability [CWE-297] in FortiProxy version 7.6.1 and below, version 7.4.8 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions and FortiOS version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.8 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions ZTNA proxy may allow an unauthenticated attacker in a man-in-the middle position to intercept and tamper with connections to the ZTNA proxy
CVE-2025-57740
Last Modified: 9 Jun 2026An Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability [CWE-122] in FortiOS version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.7 and below, version 7.2.10 and below, 7.0 all versions, 6.4 all versions; FortiPAM version 1.5.0, version 1.4.2 and below, 1.3 all versions, 1.2 all versions, 1.1 all versions, 1.0 all versions and FortiProxy version 7.6.2 and below, version 7.4.3 and below, 7.2 all versions, 7.0 all versions RDP bookmark connection may allow an authenticated user to execute unauthorized code via crafted requests.
CVE-2025-47890
Last Modified: 8 Jul 2026An URL Redirection to Untrusted Site vulnerabilities [CWE-601] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2 all versions, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiProxy 7.4 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2 all versions, FortiProxy 7.0 all versions, FortiSASE 25.2.a may allow an unauthenticated attacker to perform an open redirect attack via crafted HTTP requests.
CVE-2025-57741
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026An Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource vulnerability [CWE-732] in FortiClientMac 7.4.0 through 7.4.3, 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, 7.0 all versions may allow a local attacker to run arbitrary code or commands via LaunchDaemon hijacking.
CVE-2025-49201
Last Modified: 14 Jan 2026A weak authentication vulnerability in Fortinet FortiPAM 1.5.0, FortiPAM 1.4.0 through 1.4.2, FortiPAM 1.3 all versions, FortiPAM 1.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1 all versions, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.4 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted http requests
CVE-2025-58325
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026An Incorrect Provision of Specified Functionality vulnerability [CWE-684] in FortiOS 7.6.0, 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, 7.2.5 through 7.2.10, 7.0.0 through 7.0.15, 6.4 all versions may allow a local authenticated attacker to execute system commands via crafted CLI commands.
CVE-2025-58324
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026An improper neutralization of input during web page generation vulnerability [CWE-79] in FortiSIEM 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, 7.1 all versions, 7.0 all versions, 6.7 all versions, 6.6 all versions, 6.5 all versions, 6.4 all versions, 6.3 all versions, 6.2 all versions may allow an authenticated attacker to perform a stored cross site scripting (XSS) attack via crafted HTTP requests.
CVE-2025-58903
Last Modified: 9 Jun 2026An Unchecked Return Value vulnerability [CWE-252] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.6.0 through 7.6.3 and before 7.4.8 API allows an authenticated user to cause a Null Pointer Dereference, crashing the http daemon via a specialy crafted request.
CVE-2024-48891
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability [CWE-78] in FortiSOAR 7.6.0 through 7.6.1, 7.5.0 through 7.5.1, 7.4 all versions, 7.3 all versions may allow an attacker who has already obtained a non-login low privileged shell access (via another hypothetical vulnerability) to perform a local privilege escalation via crafted commands.
CVE-2025-62172
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026Home Assistant is open source home automation software that puts local control and privacy first. In versions 2025.1.0 through 2025.10.1, the energy dashboard is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. An authenticated user can inject malicious JavaScript code into an energy entity's name field, which is then executed when any user hovers over data points in the energy dashboard graph tooltips. The vulnerability exists because entity names containing HTML are not properly sanitized before being rendered in graph tooltips. This could allow an attacker with authentication to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of other users' sessions. Additionally, if an energy provider (such as Tibber) supplies a malicious default name for an entity, the vulnerability can be exploited without direct user action when the default name is used. This issue has been patched in version 2025.10.2. No known workarounds exist.
CVE-2025-54891
Last Modified: 21 Oct 2025Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (ACL Resource access configuration modules) allows Stored XSS by users with elevated privileges. This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.13, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.18, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.28.
CVE-2025-62157
Last Modified: 6 Feb 2026Argo Workflows is an open source container-native workflow engine for orchestrating parallel jobs on Kubernetes. Argo Workflows versions prior to 3.6.12 and versions 3.7.0 through 3.7.2 expose artifact repository credentials in plaintext in workflow-controller pod logs. An attacker with permissions to read pod logs in a namespace running Argo Workflows can read the workflow-controller logs and obtain credentials to the artifact repository. Update to versions 3.6.12 or 3.7.3 to remediate the vulnerability. No known workarounds exist.
CVE-2025-54892
Last Modified: 22 Oct 2025Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (SNMP traps group configuration modules) allows Stored XSS by users with elevated privileges. This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.13, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.18, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.28.
CVE-2025-54889
Last Modified: 21 Oct 2025Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (SNMP traps manufacturer configuration modules) allows Stored XSS by users with elevated privileges. This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.13, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.18, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.28.
CVE-2025-62156
Last Modified: 6 Feb 2026Argo Workflows is an open source container-native workflow engine for orchestrating parallel jobs on Kubernetes. Versions prior to 3.6.12 and versions 3.7.0 through 3.7.2 contain a Zip Slip path traversal vulnerability in artifact extraction. During artifact extraction the unpack/untar logic (workflow/executor/executor.go) uses filepath.Join(dest, filepath.Clean(header.Name)) without validating that header.Name stays within the intended extraction directory. A malicious archive entry can supply a traversal or absolute path that, after cleaning, overrides the destination directory and causes files to be written outside the /work/tmp extraction path and into system directories such as /etc inside the container. The vulnerability enables arbitrary file creation or overwrite in system configuration locations (for example /etc/passwd, /etc/hosts, /etc/crontab), which can lead to privilege escalation or persistence within the affected container. Update to 3.6.12 or 3.7.3 to remediate the issue.
CVE-2025-0033
Last Modified: 15 Apr 2026Improper access control within AMD SEV-SNP could allow an admin privileged attacker to write to the RMP during SNP initialization, potentially resulting in a loss of SEV-SNP guest memory integrity.
CVE-2025-59428
Last Modified: 20 Oct 2025EspoCRM is an open source customer relationship management application. In versions before 9.1.9, a vulnerability allows arbitrary user creation, including administrative accounts, through a combination of stored SVG injection and lack of CSRF protection. An attacker with Knowledge Base edit permissions can embed a malicious SVG element containing a link in the body field of an article. When an authenticated user clicks the malicious link, they are redirected to an attacker-controlled HTML page that executes a CSRF request against the api/v1/User endpoint. If the victim is prompted for and enters their credentials, an attacker-controlled account is created with privileges determined by the CSRF payload. This issue has been patched in version 9.1.9.
CVE-2024-44088
Last Modified: 4 Nov 2025Malicious script injection ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Apache Geode web-api (REST). This vulnerability allows an attacker that tricks a logged-in user into clicking a specially-crafted link to execute code on the returned page, which could lead to theft of the user's session information and even account takeover. This issue affects Apache Geode: all versions prior to 1.15.2 Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.15.2, which fixes the issue.
CVE-2025-5946
Last Modified: 22 Oct 2025Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (Poller reload setup in the configuration modules) allows OS Command Injection. On the poller parameters page, a user with high privilege is able to concatenate custom instructions into the poller reload command. This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.13, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.18, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.28.
CVE-2025-10986
Last Modified: 20 Oct 2025Path traversal in the admin panel of Ivanti EPMM before version 12.6.0.2, 12.5.0.4, and 12.4.0.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to write data in unintended locations on disk.
CVE-2025-8428
Last Modified: 22 Oct 2025Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring (HTTP Loader widget modules) allows Stored XSS.This issue affects Infra Monitoring: from 24.10.0 before 24.10.13, from 24.04.0 before 24.04.18, from 23.10.0 before 23.10.28.
CVE-2025-10985
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026OS command injection in the admin panel of Ivanti EPMM before version 12.6.0.2, 12.5.0.4, and 12.4.0.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.
CVE-2025-10243
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026OS command injection in the admin panel of Ivanti EPMM before version 12.6.0.2, 12.5.0.4, and 12.4.0.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.
CVE-2025-10242
Last Modified: 26 Feb 2026OS command injection in the admin panel of Ivanti EPMM before version 12.6.0.2, 12.5.0.4, and 12.4.0.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.
CVE-2025-27906
Last Modified: 21 Oct 2025IBM Content Navigator 3.0.11, 3.0.15, 3.1.0, and 3.2.0 could expose the directory listing of the application upon using an application URL. Application files and folders are visible in the browser to a user; however, the contents of the files cannot be read obtained or modified.
