CVE Feed

The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver validates the on-disk block bitmap in ext2_init_fs() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c) by passing fs_blocks = s_blocks_count - s_first_data_block to ext2_bitmap_count_set(). That helper (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_bitmap.c) treats its argument as a number of bits and reads one bitmap byte per eight bits, but the bitmap buffer (BGROUP_BLOCK_BITMAP) is a single fetched block of only fs->block_size bytes (capacity fs->block_size * 8 bits). s_blocks_count and s_first_data_block are taken verbatim from the superblock and were never bounded against this single-group capacity; ext2_verify_disk_superblock() checks the magic, revision, and block-size shift but not the block count. A crafted ext2 image with an oversized s_blocks_count (up to ~4 billion, against a maximum 4096-byte block / 32768-bit bitmap) makes ext2_bitmap_count_set() scan roughly 512 MB of memory past the bitmap block — a large out-of-bounds read of the static block slab and adjacent memory. The defect is reached during mount: ext2_init_fs() is invoked from ext2_mount() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_ops.c), the registered .mount operation. Any path that mounts an attacker-supplied ext2 image (removable media, a disk/flash partition, or a downloaded image) triggers it. The kernel-privileged parser operates on attacker-controlled data, so the bug is exploitable wherever untrusted ext2 media can be mounted. Impact is an out-of-bounds read only: the resulting bit count is compared internally and the mount is rejected, so no attacker-controlled bytes are returned (not a useful information leak). The ~512 MB over-read will almost certainly cross an unmapped or MPU-protected boundary and fault, crashing the system — a denial of service triggered by mounting a single malformed image. The fix rejects any image whose fs_blocks exceeds fs->block_size * 8 before the scan.

The OCPP 1.6 client in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp.c reconstructs a session handle and PDU id from the uid field of a CALLRESULT message. In ocpp_process_server_msg() the code calls atoi(strtok_r(uid, "-", &tmp)) without checking the strtok_r return value. When the server-supplied uid is empty or contains no - delimiter, strtok_r() returns NULL and atoi(NULL) dereferences a NULL pointer, which is undefined behaviour. The uid originates from network data: parse_rpc_msg() in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp_j.c JSON-parses a frame received from the OCPP central system over TCP/WebSocket and copies the server-controlled string into the local buffer. A malicious or compromised central system, or a man-in-the-middle on a non-TLS ws:// connection, can return a malformed uid to reach the defect. No authentication beyond the existing server connection (or MITM position) is required, and the reconstructed pointer is membership-validated by ocpp_session_is_valid(), so the impact is limited to the NULL dereference rather than arbitrary pointer use. On Zephyr targets that trap access to address 0 (MMU/MPU platforms or CONFIG_NULL_POINTER_EXCEPTION_DETECTION), the dereference faults inside the OCPP reader thread and invokes the fatal handler, producing a remote denial of service of the charge point; on bare targets where address 0 is readable the call returns 0 and is benign, so the impact is availability-only and platform-conditional. The applied fix guards only the first atoi(); the second strtok_r(NULL, "-", &tmp) followed by pdu = atoi(buf) in the same function remains unguarded and the identical NULL dereference is still reachable from the same network input when the uid has a first token but no second --delimited token. A complete fix should validate the second token as well.

The virtio PCI driver (drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.c) parses a device's PCI capability list during driver initialization. In virtio_pci_read_cap() the device-supplied capability length byte cap_len (read from PCI config space via pcie_conf_read()) was only checked with assert(tmp.cap_len == cap_struct_size). That assert resolves to __ASSERT_NO_MSG(), gated by CONFIG_ASSERT, which defaults off in production builds, so the value reached the copy logic completely unvalidated. The length then drives a loop that copies extra capability dwords into a fixed-size stack buffer supplied by the caller. A cap_len below the 24-byte base struct virtio_pci_cap underflows the unsigned extra_data_words count to a near-SIZE_MAX value, producing an effectively unbounded stack write; a cap_len above the caller's buffer (up to 255) writes up to roughly 228 bytes of device-controlled data past the buffer. Both are out-of-bounds writes of attacker-controlled content executed in kernel mode during boot-time device probe. The input originates from the virtio device. In the common deployment where Zephyr runs as a guest under a hypervisor, the device backend is the host, which already fully outranks the guest, so the bug yields no privilege escalation. The exploitable case is a virtio device that is untrusted relative to the Zephyr kernel — an untrusted or physical/passthrough virtio PCIe device on a bare-metal system, or a confidential-computing posture where the guest must defend against the host — where a malicious device can corrupt the kernel stack and potentially achieve code execution or a crash. The fix replaces the compiled-out assert with a runtime range check rejecting cap_len outside [sizeof(struct virtio_pci_cap), cap_struct_size] before any arithmetic or copy.

Nextcloud MCP Server is a production-ready MCP server that connects AI assistants to a Nextcloud instance. Prior to 0.117.2, the POST /webhooks/nextcloud endpoint in nextcloud_mcp_server/vector/webhook_receiver.py has no authentication by default because WEBHOOK_SECRET defaults to None and startup validation does not require it. When WEBHOOK_SECRET is unset, handle_nextcloud_webhook() accepts unauthenticated requests. The payload["user"]["uid"] field parsed in nextcloud_mcp_server/vector/webhook_parser.py is attacker-controlled and is used without an authenticated-session cross-check for Qdrant operations, allowing a network attacker to delete or trigger re-indexing of vector embeddings for any user and to destroy the semantic search index by sending forged deletion events. This issue is fixed in version 0.117.2.

X-AnyLabeling's model downloader disabled TLS certificate verification. download_with_retry in anylabeling/services/auto_labeling/model.py built a context with ssl._create_unverified_context() and passed it to urllib.request.urlopen, so neither the certificate chain nor the hostname was checked on any model download, and models are fetched over HTTPS from the project's release host. Any party positioned to intercept that connection could therefore answer it with content of their own choosing. The response is written to a .part file and moved into place with os.replace, and the only post-download check, safe_check_model, validates the file's format rather than its provenance: no hash or signature is compared against an expected value. For an ONNX target the substituted file passes onnx.checker.check_model and is then used for inference, so the attacker chooses the model that produces the application's annotations. For a .pth or .pt target, which the shipped SAM2 video, YOLOE, UPN and open_vision configurations use, the check worker calls torch.load without weights_only, so a substituted file is unpickled and executes code of the attacker's choosing on PyTorch releases predating the weights_only default.

mcp-shell is an MCP server for running shell commands securely, auditably, and on demand. Prior to 0.6.0, config.go initializes Security.Enabled to false, and when MCP_SHELL_SEC_CONFIG_FILE is unset, main.go starts the documented bare-binary deployment without a security policy. SecurityValidator.validateCommand in security.go then short-circuits and allows every command supplied to the shell_exec MCP tool, so an LLM connected over stdio can execute unrestricted OS commands as the mcp-shell process user. The README from-source installation and MCP client configuration omit MCP_SHELL_SEC_CONFIG_FILE, making the insecure state the documented default. This issue is fixed in version 0.6.0.

mcp-shell is an MCP server for running shell commands securely, auditably, and on demand. Prior to 0.6.0, the default Docker security.yaml includes /bin/bash in allowed_executables, while security.go validates only the first token and checkBlockedPatternsAndCommands does not reject the shell command-mode flag -c. A caller of the shell_exec MCP tool can provide the command argument `/bin/bash -c <arbitrary-command>`, which passes validation and reaches executor.go, where parseCommand and exec.CommandContext execute the arbitrary command as mcpuser outside the intended allowlist. This issue is fixed in version 0.6.0.

mcp-shell is an MCP server for running shell commands securely, auditably, and on demand. Prior to 0.6.0, the default security.yaml allows /usr/bin/git, while security.go omits ! from containsShellMetacharacters and containsDangerousShellConstructs and applies no per-executable argument policy. A caller of the shell_exec MCP tool can provide the command argument /usr/bin/git -c alias.pwn=!<arbitrary-command>, causing Git to create a shell alias and execute arbitrary OS commands as the mcp-shell process user. The default Docker image runs as mcpuser with Git installed and secure mode enabled, so the bypass is exploitable in the default deployment without additional authentication beyond MCP connectivity. This issue is fixed in version 0.6.0.

QWED-MCP is a deterministic verification gateway for MCP. Prior to 0.2.1, verify_math_expression() in src/qwed_mcp/engines/math_engine.py passes attacker-controlled expression and claimed_result strings directly to SymPy's parse_expr() after only normalizing caret syntax to Python exponent syntax, without restricting global_dict, removing Python built-ins, or validating the expression AST. Because parse_expr() calls Python's eval() with built-ins available, an attacker who can cause a downstream caller to pass untrusted input to this public library function can use Python import functionality to execute arbitrary operating-system commands as the qwed-mcp process user, read or modify accessible data, exfiltrate process secrets, or reach internal services. The default MCP tool registry does not expose verify_math_expression(), so exploitation requires a downstream integration that invokes the library API with attacker-controlled input. This issue is fixed in version 0.2.1.

An authorization weakness in JFrog Artifactory Composer repository handling may allow an authenticated user, under specific conditions, to read package metadata from repositories they are not authorized to read. The issue affects confidentiality and has been addressed in fixed Artifactory versions.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai 4.6.58, Browser Server _handle_connection() checks Chrome extension origins with re.match() and the unanchored expression chrome-extension://[a-z0-9]{32}. Extra trailing characters pass before websocket.accept(), allowing start_session commands and unauthorized browser automation. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.58.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai 4.6.58, MCP HTTP Stream _validate_origin uses request_origin.startswith(allowed), allowing the attacker-controlled localhost.attacker.com HTTP origin to satisfy the localhost allowlist. A webpage can send Content-Type: text/plain requests without preflight and invoke tools/call without an API key, including file writes that persist agent instructions. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.58.

Under specific circumstances, low-level user can run request to remote CocoaPods repos via JFrog Artifactory External Dependency.

Vocos instantiates a class named by a configuration file without restricting which class may be named. instantiate_class in vocos/pretrained.py takes the class_path value from the configuration, splits it into a module and an attribute, imports the module with __import__, resolves the attribute with getattr, and calls the result as args_class(*args, **kwargs) where kwargs is the config's own init_args mapping. No allowlist constrains the dotted path, so a configuration may name any importable callable and supply the arguments it is called with. Vocos.from_hparams reaches this for each of the feature_extractor, backbone and head entries, and Vocos.from_pretrained reaches it with a remote file: it downloads config.yaml from a caller-named Hugging Face repository and passes it straight to from_hparams. Loading a model from a repository the user does not control therefore executes code of the repository owner's choosing in the loading process. The neighbouring torch.load of the downloaded weights is a separate matter and is constrained on PyTorch releases that default weights_only to true, which leaves this path as the reachable one.

rclone before 1.74.4 fails to strip the X-Amz-Security-Token header when an S3 redirect changes scheme from HTTPS to HTTP on the same host. Attackers can intercept plaintext HTTP traffic to capture AWS STS session tokens sent in request headers.

rclone before 1.74.4 fails to mask special permission bits when applying source-supplied mode metadata in the local backend, allowing attackers to set setuid/setgid bits on attacker-controlled files. When copying with metadata preservation from an untrusted remote, attackers can plant a setuid binary that escalates privileges to root if rclone runs as root, or to the service account user otherwise.

rclone serve s3 before 1.74.4 contains a path traversal vulnerability that allows attackers to read and overwrite root-level files by using dot-dot segments in S3 object keys. Attackers can send requests with object keys like ../root-secret.txt to escape the bucket namespace and access files in the serve root directory.

rclone versions before v1.75.0 fail to reject transport downgrades in redirect handling, allowing Basic authorization and Cookie headers to be replayed over plaintext HTTP after same-host HTTPS-to-HTTP redirects. An on-path attacker observing the plaintext hop can capture and reuse credentials to perform WebDAV operations with the compromised account's permissions.

rclone before v1.75.0 fails to sanitize IBM IAM bearer tokens and SSE-C encryption keys during S3 redirect callbacks, allowing credentials to be preserved across scheme or host changes. Attackers observing network traffic from a trusted endpoint can capture reusable IBM IAM tokens on same-host HTTPS-to-HTTP downgrades or SSE-C keys on cross-origin redirects to access protected S3 objects.

rclone before v1.75.0 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the WebDAV TUS creation handler that dereferences a nil response before checking for transport errors. A malicious or compromised configured endpoint can reset connections during TUS uploads to trigger a panic that terminates unrecovered goroutines and halts unrelated work in long-lived processes.

rclone before v1.75.0 includes full Go stack traces in RC API error responses when panics occur. Attackers can trigger panics to leak internal file paths, module versions, goroutine states, and memory addresses.

rclone before 1.75.0 mounts the pprof debug handler as its own router route, bypassing the fail-closed authentication rule in the main handler. Attackers can access the /debug/pprof/cmdline endpoint unauthenticated to retrieve the full process argv including backend credentials.

rclone versions >= v1.72.0 and <= v1.74.4 (fixed in v1.75.0) contain multiple denial-of-service vulnerabilities in the archive backend's SquashFS parser, which relies on the github.com/diskfs/go-diskfs dependency. The parser fails to validate attacker-controlled superblock and metadata values before use. An attacker who can place or modify a SquashFS image in storage exposed through an rclone :archive: remote can craft a malicious image that triggers an integer division-by-zero panic (zero block size), an out-of-bounds slice panic (out-of-range inode metadata offset), or a non-progress CPU loop (truncated metadata stream). Variants 1 and 2 terminate the rclone process and, via 'rclone serve sftp', can crash the entire SFTP server; variant 3 causes sustained CPU consumption. Parsing is lazy, so a victim or remote client must address or descend into the malicious archive object to trigger it.

Winter CMS versions before 1.2.13 contain an incomplete fix for a Twig sandbox escape vulnerability in System\\Twig\\SecurityPolicy that allows authenticated backend users with template-editing permissions to bypass sandbox restrictions. Attackers can exploit method forwarding through Eloquent models and query builders using methods like saveQuietly(), deleteQuietly(), increment(), decrement(), and newQuery() to read and modify arbitrary database records, execute arbitrary SQL, and achieve remote code execution by injecting PHP into template code sections.

Winter CMS before 1.2.13 contains a local file inclusion vulnerability in the JavascriptImporter filter that allows authenticated users with cms.manage_assets permission to disclose arbitrary server-readable files by placing =include or =require directives in theme JavaScript assets. Attackers can reference files like .env outside the theme directory, and the combined output served through the combine route becomes readable by unauthenticated visitors, exposing application keys and database credentials.

Nokogiri versions before 1.19.1 fail to check the return value from xmlC14NExecute in the canonicalize method, returning an empty string on failure instead of raising an exception. Attackers can exploit this to bypass signature validation in downstream SAML libraries by providing invalid canonicalized XML that is incorrectly accepted as valid.

Nokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain regular expression denial of service vulnerabilities in the CSS selector tokenizer affecting string-literal and identifier tokenization. Attackers can inject adversarial CSS selectors into methods like Node#css, Node#at_css, and Searchable#search to cause exponential regex backtracking and denial of service.

Nokogiri versions before 1.19.3 contain a memory leak in the XSLT Stylesheet transform method when processing Ruby strings containing null bytes. Attackers can exploit this by passing attacker-controlled input with null bytes to transform parameters, causing heap allocations to leak and enabling denial of service against long-running processes.

Nokogiri versions before 1.19.4 contain a possible invalid (out-of-bounds) memory read in the protected internal Node#initialize_copy_with_args helper behind Node#dup and #clone, which unwrapped its source argument as an xmlNode without a type check. If application code calls this protected method with a non-Node argument (e.g., a Namespace), it reads an xmlNs out of bounds, crashing the process. This is only triggerable by a programming error and cannot be triggered by untrusted input or normal use of the public API. Only CRuby is affected. Version 1.19.4 adds a type check and raises TypeError.

NLTK versions before 3.10.3 contain a path traversal vulnerability in corpus readers that reopen root-derived paths using built-in open() instead of nltk.pathsec.open(), allowing symlinks to escape trusted roots. Attackers who stage symlinked corpus files under a trusted data root can disclose outside-root content through normal corpus reader methods like channels(), domains(), and synonyms().

NLTK versions before 3.10.3 contain a path sandbox bypass vulnerability in corpus-reader constructors that allows attackers to read files outside the intended data root. Attackers can supply arbitrary corpus root paths to LinThesaurusCorpusReader and PanLexLiteCorpusReader constructors to access filesystem content and SQLite databases outside the pathsec sandbox boundary.

NLTK before 3.10.3 fails to validate JVM options passed through the per-call options parameter in the java() function, allowing attackers to inject dangerous JVM flags. Attackers can supply malicious options like -agentpath, -javaagent, or @argfile to Stanford wrapper classes to achieve arbitrary code execution.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

This CVE ID has been rejected as a duplicate.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai 4.6.58, create_auth_middleware() allows requests when auth=api-key lacks PRAISONAI_API_KEY or JWT authentication lacks PRAISONAI_JWT_SECRET. An externally bound Recipe server can therefore accept unauthenticated POST /v1/recipes/run requests despite authentication being enabled. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.58.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai 4.6.51, the Jobs API create_app function mounts /api/v1/runs without authentication. Any reachable caller can submit jobs, read results, cancel runs, or delete jobs using operator credentials. The fix adds PRAISONAI_JOBS_API_KEY middleware for Authorization or X-API-Key. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.58.

An authenticated user may initiate repository migration operations without required repository permissions, potentially causing information disclosure, unauthorized state changes, and service disruption. Fixed versions address the issue.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonaiagents 1.6.58, the FileMemory constructor joins unsanitized user_id into self.user_path. A caller supplying ../ or path separators can escape the memory directory and write JSON data to arbitrary process-writable locations. The fix sanitizes user_id before constructing self.user_path. This issue is fixed in version 1.6.58.

When decompressing crafted zip files using the bzip/LZMA/Zstandard compressions, Python could use an attacker-controlled size to pre-allocate memory, possibly resulting in memory exhaustion.

A user who can read an existing remote VCS repository can replace its configured origin or supply an absolute VCS data URL.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai 4.6.58, praisonai serve agents and praisonai serve unified parse --api-key but _create_agents_app() and _create_unified_app() do not install a credential check. Unauthenticated callers can reach POST /agents and POST /api/v1/agents/{id}/invoke. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.58.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai 4.6.58, the Jobs API validate_webhook_url() path fails open on socket.gaierror and does not bind the validated address to the later request. An attacker webhook_url can later resolve to 127.0.0.1, 169.254.169.254, or another internal address. This issue is fixed in version 4.6.58.