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    CVE-2020-14001

    The kramdown gem before 2.3.0 for Ruby processes the template option inside Kramdown documents by default, which allows unintended read access (such as template="/etc/passwd") or unintended embedded Ruby code execution (such as a string that begins with template="string://<%= `). NOTE: kramdown is used in Jekyll, GitLab Pages, GitHub Pages, and Thredded Forum.

    Published:Jun 27, 2020
    Last Modified:Nov 21, 2024
    EPS:Jul 17, 2020
    EPSS Score:0.05032
    CVSS Score:9.8

    Affected Products

    Vendor
    Canonical
    Product
    Ubuntu Linux
    Vendor
    Debian
    Product
    Debian Linux
    Vendor
    Fedoraproject
    Product
    Fedora
    Vendor
    Kramdown Project
    Product
    Kramdown

    Exploits

    No exploit reference

    Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

    CAPEC-10 Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    CAPEC-101 Server Side Include (SSI) Injection
    CAPEC-104 Cross Zone Scripting
    CAPEC-108 Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
    CAPEC-109 Object Relational Mapping Injection
    CAPEC-110 SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering
    CAPEC-120 Double Encoding
    CAPEC-13 Subverting Environment Variable Values
    CAPEC-135 Format String Injection
    CAPEC-136 LDAP Injection
    CAPEC-14 Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
    CAPEC-15 Command Delimiters
    CAPEC-150 Collect Data from Common Resource Locations
    CAPEC-153 Input Data Manipulation
    CAPEC-182 Flash Injection
    CAPEC-183 IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
    CAPEC-209 XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch
    CAPEC-22 Exploiting Trust in Client
    CAPEC-23 File Content Injection
    CAPEC-230 Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
    CAPEC-231 Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
    CAPEC-24 Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
    CAPEC-248 Command Injection
    CAPEC-250 XML Injection
    CAPEC-261 Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data
    CAPEC-267 Leverage Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-28 Fuzzing
    CAPEC-3 Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters
    CAPEC-31 Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
    CAPEC-40 Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
    CAPEC-42 MIME Conversion
    CAPEC-43 Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
    CAPEC-45 Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
    CAPEC-46 Overflow Variables and Tags
    CAPEC-47 Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
    CAPEC-473 Signature Spoof
    CAPEC-52 Embedding NULL Bytes
    CAPEC-53 Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash
    CAPEC-588 DOM-Based XSS
    CAPEC-63 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
    CAPEC-639 Probe System Files
    CAPEC-64 Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-664 Server Side Request Forgery
    CAPEC-665 Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
    CAPEC-67 String Format Overflow in syslog()
    CAPEC-7 Blind SQL Injection
    CAPEC-71 Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-72 URL Encoding
    CAPEC-73 User-Controlled Filename
    CAPEC-75 Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
    CAPEC-76 Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
    CAPEC-78 Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-79 Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-8 Buffer Overflow in an API Call
    CAPEC-80 Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-81 Web Server Logs Tampering
    CAPEC-83 XPath Injection
    CAPEC-85 AJAX Footprinting
    CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection
    CAPEC-9 Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities

    Related CVEs

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    CVE-2026-47337 (CVSS 3.3) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8, 6.17 and 7.0 contain SAUCE patches with a possible NULL pointer dereference in the handling …
    CVE-2026-47336 (CVSS 3.3) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8 contains SAUCE patches with a possible use of an uninitialized variable in AppArmor AF_INET/A…
    CVE-2026-47335 (CVSS 5.5) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8 contains SAUCE patches with a possible NULL pointer dereference in the handling of AppArmor n…
    CVE-2026-47334 (CVSS 5.5) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8, 6.17 and 7.0 contain AppArmor SAUCE patches which incorrectly sleep while holding a spinlock…
    CVE-2026-47333 (CVSS 7.8) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8, 6.17 and 7.0 contain AppArmor SAUCE patches which can potentially incorrectly compute the si…
    CVE-2026-47332 (CVSS 5.5) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8, 6.17 and 7.0 contain AppArmor SAUCE patches which incorrectly validate the size of an intern…
    CVE-2026-47331 (CVSS 7.8) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8 contains AppArmor SAUCE patches which fail to acquire a lock when modifying a linked list. An…
    CVE-2026-47330 (CVSS 3.3) — Ubuntu Linux 6.8, 7.17 and 7.0 contain AppArmor SAUCE patches which can, under certain circumstances, use an u…

    References

    https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown
    https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown/commit/1b8fd33c3120bfc6e5164b449e2c2fc9c9306fde
    https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown/compare/REL_2_2_1...REL_2_3_0
    https://kramdown.gettalong.org
    https://kramdown.gettalong.org/news.html
    https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r96df7899fbb456fe2705882f710a0c8e8614b573fbffd8d12e3f54d2%40%3Cnotifications.fluo.apache.org%3E
    https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/08/msg00014.html
    https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ENMMGKHRQIZ3QKGOMBBBGB6B4LB5I7NQ/
    https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KBLTGBYU7NKOUOHDKVCU4GFZMGA6BP4L/
    https://rubygems.org/gems/kramdown
    https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200731-0004/
    https://usn.ubuntu.com/4562-1/
    https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4743
    https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown
    https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown/commit/1b8fd33c3120bfc6e5164b449e2c2fc9c9306fde
    https://github.com/gettalong/kramdown/compare/REL_2_2_1...REL_2_3_0
    https://kramdown.gettalong.org
    https://kramdown.gettalong.org/news.html
    https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r96df7899fbb456fe2705882f710a0c8e8614b573fbffd8d12e3f54d2%40%3Cnotifications.fluo.apache.org%3E
    https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/08/msg00014.html
    https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ENMMGKHRQIZ3QKGOMBBBGB6B4LB5I7NQ/
    https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KBLTGBYU7NKOUOHDKVCU4GFZMGA6BP4L/
    https://rubygems.org/gems/kramdown
    https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200731-0004/
    https://usn.ubuntu.com/4562-1/
    https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4743

    Common Vulnerability Scoring System

    Attack Vector
    Network
    Adjacent
    Local
    Physical
    Privileges Required
    None
    Low
    High
    User Interaction
    None
    Required
    Scope
    Unchanged
    Changed
    Confidentiality
    None
    Low
    High
    Integrity
    None
    Low
    High
    Availability
    None
    Low
    High