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    CVE-2021-3781

    A trivial sandbox (enabled with the `-dSAFER` option) escape flaw was found in the ghostscript interpreter by injecting a specially crafted pipe command. This flaw allows a specially crafted document to execute arbitrary commands on the system in the context of the ghostscript interpreter. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to confidentiality, integrity, as well as system availability.

    Published:Sep 10, 2021
    Last Modified:Nov 21, 2024
    EPS:Feb 16, 2022
    EPSS Score:0.09269
    CVSS Score:9.9

    Affected Products

    Vendor
    Artifex
    Product
    Ghostscript
    Vendor
    Fedoraproject
    Product
    Fedora

    Exploits

    No exploit reference

    Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)

    CAPEC-10 Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
    CAPEC-101 Server Side Include (SSI) Injection
    CAPEC-104 Cross Zone Scripting
    CAPEC-108 Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
    CAPEC-109 Object Relational Mapping Injection
    CAPEC-110 SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter Tampering
    CAPEC-120 Double Encoding
    CAPEC-13 Subverting Environment Variable Values
    CAPEC-135 Format String Injection
    CAPEC-136 LDAP Injection
    CAPEC-14 Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
    CAPEC-15 Command Delimiters
    CAPEC-153 Input Data Manipulation
    CAPEC-182 Flash Injection
    CAPEC-209 XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch
    CAPEC-22 Exploiting Trust in Client
    CAPEC-23 File Content Injection
    CAPEC-230 Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
    CAPEC-231 Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
    CAPEC-24 Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
    CAPEC-250 XML Injection
    CAPEC-261 Fuzzing for garnering other adjacent user/sensitive data
    CAPEC-267 Leverage Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-28 Fuzzing
    CAPEC-3 Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters
    CAPEC-31 Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies
    CAPEC-42 MIME Conversion
    CAPEC-43 Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
    CAPEC-45 Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
    CAPEC-46 Overflow Variables and Tags
    CAPEC-47 Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
    CAPEC-473 Signature Spoof
    CAPEC-52 Embedding NULL Bytes
    CAPEC-53 Postfix, Null Terminate, and Backslash
    CAPEC-588 DOM-Based XSS
    CAPEC-6 Argument Injection
    CAPEC-63 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
    CAPEC-64 Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-664 Server Side Request Forgery
    CAPEC-67 String Format Overflow in syslog()
    CAPEC-7 Blind SQL Injection
    CAPEC-71 Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-72 URL Encoding
    CAPEC-73 User-Controlled Filename
    CAPEC-78 Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-79 Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
    CAPEC-8 Buffer Overflow in an API Call
    CAPEC-80 Using UTF-8 Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
    CAPEC-81 Web Server Logs Tampering
    CAPEC-83 XPath Injection
    CAPEC-85 AJAX Footprinting
    CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection
    CAPEC-9 Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities

    Related CVEs

    CVE-2025-59800 (CVSS 4.3) — In Artifex Ghostscript through 10.05.1, ocr_begin_page in devices/gdevpdfocr.c has an integer overflow that le…
    CVE-2025-59799 (CVSS 4.3) — Artifex Ghostscript through 10.05.1 has a stack-based buffer overflow in pdfmark_coerce_dest in devices/vector…
    CVE-2025-59798 (CVSS 4.3) — Artifex Ghostscript through 10.05.1 has a stack-based buffer overflow in pdf_write_cmap in devices/vector/gdev…
    CVE-2025-48708 (CVSS 4) — gs_lib_ctx_stash_sanitized_arg in base/gslibctx.c in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.05.1 lacks argument sanitiz…
    CVE-2025-46646 (CVSS 4.5) — In Artifex Ghostscript before 10.05.0, decode_utf8 in base/gp_utf8.c mishandles overlong UTF-8 encoding. NOTE:…
    CVE-2025-27832 (CVSS 9.8) — An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.05.0. The NPDL device has a Compression buffer overfl…
    CVE-2025-27834 (CVSS 7.8) — An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.05.0. A buffer overflow occurs via an oversized Type …
    CVE-2025-27836 (CVSS 9.8) — An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.05.0. The BJ10V device has a Print buffer overflow in…
    CVE-2025-27830 (CVSS 7.8) — An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.05.0. A buffer overflow occurs during serialization o…
    CVE-2025-27833 (CVSS 7.8) — An issue was discovered in Artifex Ghostscript before 10.05.0. A buffer overflow occurs for a long TTF font na…

    Common Vulnerability Scoring System

    Attack Vector
    Network
    Adjacent
    Local
    Physical
    Privileges Required
    None
    Low
    High
    User Interaction
    None
    Required
    Scope
    Unchanged
    Changed
    Confidentiality
    None
    Low
    High
    Integrity
    None
    Low
    High
    Availability
    None
    Low
    High